Climate change is a significant challenge facing humanity today, and it has become a global consensus to address climate change. Against this background, this paper focuses on the carbon neutrality strategy reports recently released by the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Japan, offering a comparative analysis from the perspectives of strategic objectives, implementation approaches, key fields, S&T policies, financial policies and international cooperation. Based on the analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: carbon neutrality strategy covers multiple dimensions of development goals; major measures in the strategic actions for carbon neutrality consist of industrial technology development and target setting for carbon emission reduction; sectors of high carbon emissions would be the focus of reform in the strategic deployment of carbon neutrality; cost reduction and basic research are the key directions of the S&T policy support for carbon neutrality; financial effectiveness is an essential principle in the formulation of financial policies for carbon neutrality; intensified international competition forms a significant background to international cooperation on carbon neutrality; and policy coordination is an important factor in ensuring smooth progress of carbon neutrality. In light of the difficulties and challenges facing China's carbon emission reduction, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations for China to promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality: to carry out in-depth S&T research for breakthroughs in key fields of the "dual carbon" strategy; to reduce cost for green technologies and products from all dimensions; to establish a sound policy system for the "dual carbon" strategy; and to take initiatives in international S&T cooperation for carbon neutrality.